The Management of Aegean Airlines Olympic Air is committed to the conduct of our aviation activi-ties to the highest possible safety standard A management system is implemented which provides for the compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, meets all applicable standards and always consider best practices, while monitoring safety compliance of all systems and established procedures The safety of our employees and customers relies on the commitment of management to a systematic and pro-active attitude towards managing risk, identifying hazards and preventing damage/injuries Safety is the prime consideration and Aegean Airlines Olympic Air recognize the importance of ap- plying human factor principles in order to achieve it It is the duty of each staff member to understand the corporate self-disciplines required by Compliance Monitoring/Quality and Safety Standards and to partici- pate in our goal for continuous self-improvement Each employee is responsible for cooperating with Quality Unit in order to identify non-conformances and to the Safety Department so as to communicate any information that may affect the integrity of safety To promote a timely, uninhibited ow of information, Aeean Airlines Olympic Air have promoted and established a “Just Culture” which ensures no blame will be apportioned to individuals following their reporting of mishaps, operational incidents or other risk exposures Incidents or occurrences with elements of wilful misconduct, gross negligence or criminal acts however, will be met with disciplinary and/or legal action Our commitment is to: • Enforce safety as one of the primary responsibilities of all Heads of Functional Areas / Nominated Persons / Managers; • Ensure that compliance with applicable reulation and standards is the responsibility of all personnel;• Support the “Just Culture” policy; • Implement an effective manaement system to ensure that customer and reulatory requirements are met, and ensure that all employees are aware that Safety and Compliance is everyone’s responsibility; • Ensure safety and risk considerations are incorporated in its business, throuh a documented management of change process; • Establish and implement hazard identication and risk manaement processes, includin a hazard reporting system, in order to eliminate or mitigate the safety risks associated with our operations • Achieve continuous safety improvement throuh continuous monitorin and measurement, and adjustment of safety objectives and performance standards and achievement of these; • Develop the skills of employees to ensure that the Safety Manaement System can be maintained through a process of recurrent training and an awareness program; and • Ensure that the necessary human and nancial resources are available in order to allow our activities to be carried out in accordance with Aegean Airlines Olympic Air standards and this Safety and Quality Policy Statement SAFETY QUALITY POLICY Is issued every six months by the Safety Department of AEGEAN and OLYMPIC AIR It provides information of Safety related mat- ters and it is devoted to improve ight safety It includes articles either original or reprinted from other sources, collected by individuals and conveying their own experience or knowledge from the aviation industry SafeLines is open to everyone who wants to participate with articles, photos even recom -mendations or ideas for a safer operationSafeLines is of informative nature and in no case substitute regulatory publications and company procedures Capt Stavros Christeas AEGEAN OLYMPIC AIR Safety Manager contents 03 Safety Department would like to thank our photographer, Vassilis Porgiazis Artwork and production by TRIBUTE - CHROMOANALISI e-mail: xromoanaotenetgr wwwchromoanalysigr 04 > EDITORIAL 06 > ARE JETS SAFER THAN TURBOPROPS? 08 > COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 14 > TRAVELING WITH A PET 17 > DEGREE OF EMERGENCY 18 > THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT IN AVIATION 22 > HUMAN FACTORS VS ACCIDENT CAUSATION 25 > INCIDENT FORUM 26 > WING TIP DEVICES 30 > REPORT 34 > NEW ENTRIES IN OUR FLEET AEGEAN Safety Department Capt Stavros Christeas Safety Manager Capt Nikos Chrysanthopoulos Deputy Safety Manager Capt Alexandros Mosialos Chief Safety Investigator Capt Stavros Siannis Gate Keeper Mr Antonis Kanakis FDM Analyst Mrs Kalliopi Trachana Safety Specialist Mrs Charalambia Anastasiou Safety Specialist SCCM Panagiotis Kritikos Cabin Safety Coordinator Avionic Eng Konstantinos Kouris Maintenance Safety Coordinator Dimitris Passakos Safety Representative Ground Tel: +30 210 3550623 Fax: +30 210 3550179 e-mail: safetyaegeanaircom OLYMPIC AIR Safety Department Capt Stavros Christeas Safety Manager Capt Panagiotis Kostopoulos Deputy Safety Manager Capt Dimitris Malamos Safety Coordinator Capt Giorgos Maragkakis Gate Keeper Mr Antonis Kanakis FDM Analyst SCCM Anastasios Liakatos Cabin Safety Coordinator Antonis Konstantinidis Maintenance Safety Coordinator Dimitris Passakos Safety Representative Ground Tel: +30 210 3550679Fax: +30 210 3550349 e-mail: safetygroupolympicaircom Dimitris Gerogiannis Managing Director Accountable Manager 04 05 EDITORIAL SAFETY CULTURE IN AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING Dear colleagues What is culture? This is probably among the most complex and most debated questions of the social science Addressing the concept of culture is like opening Pandora’s Box unleashing most social science concepts and, as a consequence, a host of analytical and denitional issues The word ‘culture’stems from the Latin colere, which means to grow or to process Culture has to do with those aspects of hu - man life that are not aspects of biology or unprocessed physical environment This is culture in its broadest denition every - thing that is not nature has to be seen as cultureWithin the aviation society the concept usually refers to the values that the members of a group share, the norms they follow and the procedures they create As far as organizational culture is concerned it does not imply that it is necessarily attrib - utable to an organization as a whole On the contrary, organizations, depending on size and complexity, usually consist of multiple cultures associated with different departments, hierarchical layers, occupations and so on In Ground Operations we see culture as the frames of reference through which information, symbols and behavior are inter - preted and the conventions for behavior, interaction and communication are generatedGround Operations involves all aspects of aircraft handling at airports as well as aircraft movement around the airport, except when on active runways The safety challenges of ground operations arise in part, directly from those operations Even more important, ground operations concern the preparation of aircraft for departure in such a way that the subsequent ight will be safe and according to legislation/company procedures; for example correct loading of cargo and baggage, sufcient and veried fuel of adequate quantity and quality, etc Once again, last year a great effort has been done to minimize safety related incidents on the Ground Safety Department along with Ground Operations worked on a continued plan, focused on the improvement of the Safety Culture during aircraft ground handling , which consisted of training sessions, station assessments and audits from our ground safety coordinator and our QA auditors, one to one briengs, group meetings and close supervision On ramp handling training, special attention was particularly given to (a) Loading Height Limitations, on aircraft where vio - lation of loading height limits is considered to be safety critical and (b) the proper securing of load, where bulk compartment nets have to be properly secured and any defective items must be reported In addition to training and education we have successfully changed processes and procedures in order to improve safety on the ground Working closely with the Safety Departments of our ground handling providers we have placed in most of the airports safety chains to restrict passenger access under aircraft wings The efforts made were intended to send out again our message, “AEGEAN CARES FOR SAFETY” The measurable results of this campaign were that safety events were reduced greatlyOur effort continues this year with the campaign under the title: Important Notes for Safe Aircraft Loading Apart from train - ing sessions to major airports from our Airport Services trainers we are going to place a poster with the campaign name in all ramp handling personnel brieng and rest areas This poster has a check list of actions, describing correct procedures and processes of loading with very simple words and images: 1 Bags loaded in accordance to the loading instructions 2 Cargo controlled by AWB number and destination 3 HEA/HER completely lashed and secured 4 Special loads (HUM/AVIH) loaded, lashed and secured 5 No Bags/cargo is loaded over cargo hold height limitations 6 Ramp agent to inform in writing Load Control about any change to the load - ing instructions prior to loadsheet releaseWe believe that the above will contribute towards the further improvement of our safety culture and add awareness during loading to ground personnel We still have to be extremely vigilant during turnaround activitiesThank you for your cooperation in the development of our Safety Culture during aircraft ground handling and maintaining our good safety record Panos NicolaidisGround Operations Director